Brezinka V, Padmos I
Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Section of Health Psychology, Leiden University, Netherlands.
Eur Heart J. 1994 Nov;15(11):1571-84. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060432.
Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death among women. Reported risk factors for women are smoking, use of oral contraceptives, diabetes, elevated blood pressure, elevated blood lipids, low socio-economic status, low educational attainment, Type A behaviour and chronic troubling emotions. Via an on-line literature search (Medline and Psychlit) all case-control and prospective studies of coronary heart disease risk factors in women have been collected from 1978 to 1993. Smoking remains the most prominent risk factor for myocardial infarction in young women, the risk increasing significantly with the amount of cigarettes smoked. Use of modern low-dose oral contraceptives in healthy, non-smoking women does not increase the risk. Oestrogen replacement therapy seems to protect against coronary heart disease, although the reduction in risk may have been over-estimated. Elevated cholesterol and elevated blood pressure are major risk factors, and diabetes seems to have a stronger impact on risk in women than in men. Low socio-economic class is a stronger risk factor for women than for men and the double loads of career and family seem to increase risk for women.
冠心病是女性死亡的主要原因。报告显示女性的风险因素包括吸烟、使用口服避孕药、糖尿病、血压升高、血脂升高、社会经济地位低、教育程度低、A型行为和长期困扰情绪。通过在线文献检索（Medline和Psychlit），收集了1978年至1993年间所有关于女性冠心病风险因素的病例对照研究和前瞻性研究。吸烟仍然是年轻女性心肌梗死最突出的风险因素，风险随着吸烟量的增加而显著上升。健康的非吸烟女性使用现代低剂量口服避孕药不会增加风险。雌激素替代疗法似乎可以预防冠心病，尽管风险降低可能被高估了。胆固醇升高和血压升高是主要风险因素，糖尿病对女性风险的影响似乎比男性更大。社会经济阶层低对女性来说是比男性更强的风险因素，职业和家庭的双重负担似乎会增加女性的风险。
