Williams-Petersen M G, Myers B J, Degen H M, Knisely J S, Elswick R K, Schnoll S S
Mary Washington College, Fredericksburg, Virginia.
Int J Addict. 1994 Oct;29(12):1631-43. doi: 10.3109/10826089409047956.
Eighty pregnant women (25 substance using, 55 nonusing) from an American prenatal clinic serving lower-income to working-class women responded to questionnaire measures of child-rearing attitudes. The drug users' primary substance of misuse was cocaine (68%), alcohol (16%), amphetamines (12%), or sedatives (4%); polydrug use was documented for 80% of the women. The two (user and nonuser) groups were not different on demographic (age, race, marital status, education, SES, source of income) or obstetrical factors (number of pregnancies, number of children). Drug-using women scored significantly higher on a measure of child abuse potential; more than half scored in the range of clinical criterion for extreme risk. As their babies were not yet born, no actual physical abuse was documented, only a higher potential for abuse. The subgroup who were both drug users and had lower social support scored higher on child abuse potential than all other subgroups. The drug users also had lower self-esteem scores than the nonusers. The two groups did not differ on measures of overall social support, authoritarian/democratic child-rearing beliefs, or affection for the expected baby.
来自一家为低收入到工人阶级女性服务的美国产前诊所的80名孕妇（25名使用药物者，55名非使用药物者）对育儿态度问卷进行了回应。药物使用者滥用的主要物质是可卡因（68%）、酒精（16%）、安非他命（12%）或镇静剂（4%）；80%的女性存在多药滥用情况。两组（使用者和非使用者）在人口统计学因素（年龄、种族、婚姻状况、教育程度、社会经济地位、收入来源）或产科因素（怀孕次数、子女数量）方面没有差异。使用药物的女性在虐待儿童可能性的测量上得分显著更高；超过一半的人得分处于极端风险的临床标准范围内。由于她们的婴儿尚未出生，没有记录到实际的身体虐待情况，只是虐待的可能性更高。既是药物使用者又有较低社会支持的亚组在虐待儿童可能性上的得分高于所有其他亚组。药物使用者的自尊得分也低于非使用者。两组在总体社会支持、专制/民主育儿信念或对预期婴儿的喜爱程度的测量上没有差异。
