Margoliash D, Fortune E S, Sutter M L, Yu A C, Wren-Hardin B D, Dave A
Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, IL 60627.
Brain Behav Evol. 1994;44(4-5):247-64. doi: 10.1159/000113580.
This paper reviews the organizational principles and implications that have emerged from the analysis of HVc, a forebrain nucleus that is a major site of sensory, motor, and sensorimotor integration in the song control system of oscine passerine birds (songbirds). Anatomical, physiological, and behavioral data support the conclusion that HVc exists within a hierarchically organized system with parallel pathways that converge onto HVc. The organization of HVc is distributed and redundant, and its outputs exhibit broad divergence. A similar pattern of connectivity exists for neostriatum adjacent to HVc. This and other data support the hypothesis that the song system arose from an elaboration or duplication of pathways generally present in all birds. Spontaneous and auditory response activity is strongly correlated throughout HVc, with auditory responses exhibiting strong temporal modulation in a synchronized fashion throughout the nucleus. This suggests that the auditory representation of song is encoded in the synchronized temporal patterns of activation, and that the predominant selectivity for the individual's own song that is observed for HVc neurons results from interactions of auditory input with central pattern generators for song. Most, or all HVc neurons are recruited during singing. The auditory response and motor recruitment properties of individual HVc neurons have no simple relationship, and the spontaneous activity in HVc may build up in the seconds preceding a song. To the extent HVc participates in perceptual phenomena associated with song, production and perception are not tightly linked in adults but may be linked by shared developmental processes during periods of sensorimotor learning.
本文回顾了对HVC（鸣禽鸣唱控制系统中一个前脑核团，是感觉、运动以及感觉运动整合的主要部位）进行分析后得出的组织原则及其意义。解剖学、生理学和行为学数据支持以下结论：HVC存在于一个层次化组织的系统中，该系统具有汇聚到HVC的平行通路。HVC的组织分布广泛且具有冗余性，其输出表现出广泛的发散。与HVC相邻的新纹状体也存在类似的连接模式。这些数据以及其他数据支持了这样一种假说：鸣唱系统源自所有鸟类普遍存在的通路的细化或复制。整个HVC区域的自发反应活动与听觉反应活动紧密相关，听觉反应在整个核团中以同步方式表现出强烈的时间调制。这表明鸣唱的听觉表征是通过激活的同步时间模式进行编码的，并且在HVC神经元中观察到的对个体自身鸣唱的主要选择性是听觉输入与鸣唱的中枢模式发生器相互作用的结果。大多数或所有HVC神经元在鸣唱时被激活。单个HVC神经元的听觉反应和运动激活特性没有简单的关系，并且HVC中的自发活动可能在鸣唱前的几秒钟内逐渐增强。就HVC参与与鸣唱相关的感知现象而言，在成年个体中，发声和感知并非紧密相连，但在感觉运动学习期间可能通过共同的发育过程联系起来。
