Vihman M M, McCune L
Department of Special Education, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70402.
J Child Lang. 1994 Oct;21(3):517-42. doi: 10.1017/s0305000900009442.
Although adult-based words co-occur in the period of transition to speech with a variety of non-word vocalizations, little attention has been given to the formidable problem of identifying these earliest words. This paper specifies explicit, maximally 'inclusive' identification procedures, with criteria based on both phonetic and contextual parameters. A formal system for evaluating phonetic match is suggested, as well as a set of child-derived functional categories reflecting use in context. Analysis of word use across two samples of 10 children each, followed from 0;9 to 1;4, provides evidence to suggest that context-bound words can be 'trained' by focusing on eliciting language, but that the timing of context-flexible word use remains independent of such training.
尽管基于成人的词汇在向言语过渡时期会与各种非词汇发声同时出现，但对于识别这些最早词汇这一艰巨问题却很少有人关注。本文规定了明确的、最大限度“包容”的识别程序，其标准基于语音和语境参数。文中提出了一个评估语音匹配的形式系统，以及一组反映语境中使用情况的儿童衍生功能类别。对两组各10名儿童（从0;9到1;4进行跟踪）的词汇使用分析提供了证据，表明通过专注于引出语言，可以“训练”与语境相关的词汇，但语境灵活的词汇使用时机仍独立于此类训练。
