François J
Ophthalmologica. 1976;172(6):417-33. doi: 10.1159/000307743.
The embryological pigment epithelial dystrophies may be due, although rather rarely, to chemical factors, such as antibiotics and thalidomide, to ionizing radiation and to infectious factors, syphilis or viral infections, such as mumps, measles, varicella, or cytomegalovirus. The most frequent and the most typical dystrophy is, nevertheless, the rubella epitheliopathy with its widespread scattered black pigment deposits, found predominantly in the posterior pole, and its unaffected visual functions. The macular dystrophy associated with deaf-mutism is also often due to a maternal rubella infection.
胚胎性色素上皮营养不良虽然相当罕见，但可能由化学因素引起，如抗生素和沙利度胺，也可能由电离辐射和感染因素引起，如梅毒或病毒感染，如腮腺炎、麻疹、水痘或巨细胞病毒。然而，最常见和最典型的营养不良是风疹上皮病变，其特征是广泛散在的黑色色素沉着，主要位于后极，且视觉功能未受影响。与聋哑相关的黄斑营养不良也常常是由于母亲感染风疹所致。
