Röder W, Kruse M, Runkel M, Müller W E, Isemer F E
Abteilung für Allgemein- und Unfallchirurgie, St. Josefs-Hospital Wiesbaden.
Unfallchirurg. 1994 Dec;97(12):629-32.
It is known that HIV can be transmitted by allogenous bone transplantation. Hitherto neither chemical nor physical methods have existed to allow reliable disinfection and sterilization of bone specimens without reducing osteogenetic potency. Only demonstration or exclusion of the presence of HIV-1 in a bone specimen guarantees that infection will not occur. The method now presented for HIV detection is based on a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This HIV microtiter-plate assay combines amplification of DNA molecules with a staining reaction. In cultures containing HIV-infected cells definite detection of viruses was possible when 50-100 cells per specimen were infected. Examination of 137 HIV-negative and 25 HIV-positive bone specimens showed sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 97.8% for the test. In subsequent studies, after drying on filter paper viral DNA was again demonstrable by the PCR. This means safe handling and uncomplicated transportation of non-infectious specimens to a central analysis laboratory are possible. This HIV test offers the possibility of quick and safe demonstration that specimens are free of HIV and is therefore likely to enhance the safety of bone transplantation considerably.
已知人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）可通过异体骨移植传播。迄今为止，尚无化学或物理方法能在不降低骨标本成骨能力的情况下实现可靠的消毒和灭菌。只有证明或排除骨标本中存在HIV-1才能确保不会发生感染。目前提出的用于HIV检测的方法基于聚合酶链反应（PCR）。这种HIV微量滴定板检测法将DNA分子扩增与染色反应相结合。在含有HIV感染细胞的培养物中，当每个标本有50 - 100个细胞被感染时，就有可能明确检测到病毒。对137份HIV阴性和25份HIV阳性骨标本的检测显示，该检测方法的灵敏度为96%，特异性为97.8%。在后续研究中，在滤纸上干燥后，通过PCR仍可再次检测到病毒DNA。这意味着可以安全处理并将无传染性的标本简便地运输到中央分析实验室。这种HIV检测方法提供了快速、安全地证明标本不含HIV的可能性，因此很可能大大提高骨移植的安全性。
