Van Os M, Dulphy J P, Baumont R
INRA, CRZV de Theix, Station de Recherches sur la Nutrition des Herbivores, Saint Genès-Champanelle, France.
Br J Nutr. 1995 Jan;73(1):51-64.
The effects of NH3 and amines on grass-silage intake, intake behaviour and rumen characteristics were studied in sheep. From a single sward, two direct-cut grass silages were prepared, either untreated (WAS) or with 4.51 formic acid/tonne (FAS). Four experimental diets: WAS, FAS, FAS with addition of 2.9 g NH3/kg DM (FAS + N) and FAS with 2.8 g amines/kg DM (FAS + A), were offered ad lib. once daily to four rumen-cannulated wethers in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Daily DM intake (DMI) tended to be influenced by dietary treatment (P = 0.09). Compared with FAS, DMI was lower for WAS. Addition of NH3 did not alter DMI, whereas amine addition slightly lowered daily DMI. Reduced DMI resulted from lower intake rates during both the principal meal and the subsequent small meals. Lower initial intake rate during the principal meal suggested reduced palatability of WAS and FAS + A. Amines and NH3, however, did not influence chewing efficiency. No treatment effects were observed on total rumen pool size, DM and neutral-detergent fibre content. Furthermore, NH3 and amines did not alter rumen pH, NH3 and volatile fatty acid concentrations to the extent that they could act on chemostatic intake regulation. Amine addition, however, lowered osmolality of the rumen liquid. No treatment effects on rumen motility were observed. In conclusion, daily DMI was not reduced by the addition of NH3, suggesting that NH3 per se is not the causal factor in the negative correlations between silage NH3 content and intake observed by other authors. Amines, however, tended to reduce DMI only by their effect at the oro-pharyngeal level of intake control.
在绵羊身上研究了氨和胺对青草青贮料采食量、采食行为及瘤胃特性的影响。从单一草场上收获的青草制备了两种直接切割的青贮料，一种未处理（WAS），另一种添加了4.51千克/吨甲酸（FAS）。提供四种试验日粮：WAS、FAS、添加2.9克氨/千克干物质的FAS（FAS + N）和添加2.8克胺/千克干物质的FAS（FAS + A），以4×4拉丁方设计，每天一次随意提供给四只安装了瘤胃瘘管的阉羊。日粮处理对每日干物质采食量（DMI）有影响趋势（P = 0.09）。与FAS相比，WAS的DMI较低。添加氨未改变DMI，而添加胺使每日DMI略有降低。DMI降低是由于主餐和后续小餐期间采食率较低。主餐期间较低的初始采食率表明WAS和FAS + A的适口性降低。然而，胺和氨并未影响咀嚼效率。未观察到对瘤胃总容量、干物质和中性洗涤纤维含量的处理效应。此外，氨和胺并未改变瘤胃pH值、氨和挥发性脂肪酸浓度，以至于它们无法作用于化学稳态采食调节。然而，添加胺降低了瘤胃液的渗透压。未观察到对瘤胃蠕动的处理效应。总之，添加氨并未降低每日DMI，表明氨本身并非其他作者观察到的青贮料氨含量与采食量之间负相关的因果因素。然而，胺仅通过其在口咽水平的采食控制作用倾向于降低DMI。
