Dollahite J, Franklin D, McNew R
School of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1995 Mar;95(3):341-4, 347; quiz 345-6. doi: 10.1016/s0002-8223(95)00087-9.
Forty-three menus that were to be used in a diet manual were designed to meet the requirements of a specific diet; provide 2,200 to 2,400 kcal, unless energy-restricted; meet the 1990 Dietary Guidelines for Americans; meet current recommendations for sodium (2g to 3 g/day), cholesterol (< or = 300 mg/day), and fiber (20g to 30 g/day); and meet or exceed the highest level for adults in the 1989 Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). In addition, regular and low-fat, low-cholesterol menus for 1 week were collected from 11 hospitals throughout Arkansas. Menus were analyzed for energy, cholesterol, and 18 nutrients. Only 11% of the menus met the RDA for zinc. Half of the menus did not meet the RDA for vitamin B-6 and one third did not meet the RDA for iron. Zinc content of the menus was positively correlated (P < .001) with protein (r = .73) and with beef (r = .45). Vitamin B-6 was positively correlated with protein (r = .44, P < .001) and with all meat (r = .38, P < .01). Regular and low-fat, low-cholesterol hospital menus had the same nutrient inadequacies because they did not differ in total servings from any food group. These data indicate that the public may have difficulty choosing a diet that meets both the Dietary Guidelines and the RDAs.
用于饮食手册的43份菜单旨在满足特定饮食的要求；提供2200至2400千卡热量，除非有能量限制；符合1990年《美国膳食指南》；符合当前关于钠（2克至3克/天）、胆固醇（≤300毫克/天）和纤维（20克至30克/天）的建议；并达到或超过1989年《推荐膳食摄入量》（RDA）中成年人的最高水平。此外，还从阿肯色州的11家医院收集了为期1周的常规和低脂、低胆固醇菜单。对菜单进行了能量、胆固醇和18种营养素的分析。只有11%的菜单符合锌的RDA。一半的菜单不符合维生素B-6的RDA，三分之一的菜单不符合铁的RDA。菜单中的锌含量与蛋白质（r = 0.73）和牛肉（r = 0.45）呈正相关（P < 0.001）。维生素B-6与蛋白质（r = 0.44，P < 0.001）和所有肉类（r = 0.38，P < 0.01）呈正相关。常规和低脂、低胆固醇的医院菜单存在相同的营养素不足问题，因为它们在任何食物组的总份数上没有差异。这些数据表明，公众可能难以选择一种既符合膳食指南又符合RDA的饮食。
