Conlisk E, Siegel M, Lengerich E, Mac Kenzie W, Malek S, Eriksen M
North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Adult Health Promotion, Raleigh 27611-7687.
JAMA. 1995 Mar 8;273(10):805-7.
To determine the number and protectiveness of local smoking regulations adopted before the implementation of a preemptive statewide smoking control bill.
Review of local smoking control regulations from all 100 counties and 85 municipalities with populations greater than 5000 in North Carolina.
Adoption of local smoking control regulations before and during the 3-month delay in enactment of the preemptive bill. Protectiveness of regulations was based on restrictions on smoking and requirements for separate ventilation systems at private work sites: none (smoking unrestricted); minimal (smoking restricted to designated areas); partial (smoking restricted to designated areas served by separate ventilation systems); and complete (smoking prohibited). Because some regulations would be phased in gradually over the next 5 years, we evaluated the requirements that will be in effect by January 1, 2000.
Between July 15 and October 15, 1993, the number of local smoking regulations in North Carolina increased from 16 to 105. By the year 2000, 59% of private employees still will not be guaranteed any protection from work site environmental tobacco smoke; 19% will have minimal protection, 22% will have partial protection, and none will have complete protection.
The 3-month delay in preemption created an unnatural time frame for communities to organize, debate, and adopt smoking restrictions. Despite the adoption of 89 new regulations, no private employees will be guaranteed complete protection from work site environmental tobacco smoke by the year 2000; new regulations can no longer be adopted. HB 957 has been a setback for public health in North Carolina.
确定在全州范围实施先发制吸烟控制法案之前所采用的地方吸烟法规的数量及其保护作用。
对北卡罗来纳州所有100个县以及85个人口超过5000的市镇的地方吸烟控制法规进行审查。
在先发制法案颁布前3个月延迟期内及延迟期期间采用的地方吸烟控制法规。法规的保护作用基于对吸烟的限制以及对私人工作场所单独通风系统的要求：无（吸烟不受限制）；最低限度（吸烟限制在指定区域）；部分（吸烟限制在由单独通风系统服务的指定区域）；完全（禁止吸烟）。由于一些法规将在未来5年内逐步实施，我们评估了到2000年1月1日将生效的要求。
1993年7月15日至10月15日期间，北卡罗来纳州地方吸烟法规的数量从16条增加到105条。到2000年，仍有59%的私人雇员无法保证在工作场所免受环境烟草烟雾的侵害；19%将得到最低限度的保护，22%将得到部分保护，没有人将得到完全保护。
先发制的3个月延迟为社区组织、辩论和通过吸烟限制措施创造了一个不自然的时间框架。尽管通过了89条新法规，但到2000年仍无法保证任何私人雇员在工作场所完全免受环境烟草烟雾的侵害；新法规已无法再通过。HB 957号法案对北卡罗来纳州的公共卫生而言是一次挫折。
