St James-Roberts I, Hurry J, Bowyer J, Barr R G
Department of Child Development and Primary Education, London University Institute of Education, United Kingdom.
Pediatrics. 1995 Mar;95(3):381-8.
To compare two interventions (supplementary carrying, increased parental responsiveness) introduced from birth for their effectiveness in reducing the amounts of crying in general community infants at 2, 6, and 12 weeks age.
Mothers and infants in newborn wards of maternity hospitals were assigned to carrying intervention, responsiveness intervention, or control groups. Follow-up measures were used to confirm that the interventions were implemented and to determine their effects on infant crying. SETTING AND MEASUREMENTS: Diary measurements completed in the home were employed to measure the aspects of parental behavior targeted by the interventions. Audio recordings, diaries, and questionnaires assessed the amounts the infants cried and the impact of the crying on their mothers and the health services. Sample sizes at 6 weeks of age were 59 (carrying intervention), 57 (responsiveness intervention), and 94 infants (control group).
The carrying intervention successfully increased the amounts the infants were carried, particularly while settled, to the target levels. The responsiveness intervention led to more limited increases in carrying and to a modest increase in feeding frequency, but did not affect measures of parental interactiveness and play. No differences in amounts of crying and fussing were found between the three groups of infants on any of the measures. Subsidiary analyses confirmed that the dependent variable (infant fuss/crying) and main independent variable (carrying while settled) were not significantly correlated.
It is not, at present, possible to recommend either supplementary carrying or increased parental responsiveness as primary, preventative interventions to reduce infant crying.
比较从出生起引入的两种干预措施（辅助抱持、提高父母响应性）对减少普通社区婴儿在2周、6周和12周龄时哭闹次数的有效性。
妇产医院新生儿病房的母亲和婴儿被分配到抱持干预组、响应性干预组或对照组。采用随访措施来确认干预措施是否得到实施，并确定其对婴儿哭闹的影响。设置与测量：采用在家中完成的日记测量法来测量干预措施所针对的父母行为方面。录音、日记和问卷调查评估了婴儿哭闹的次数以及哭闹对其母亲和医疗服务的影响。6周龄时的样本量分别为59名婴儿（抱持干预组）、57名婴儿（响应性干预组）和94名婴儿（对照组）。
抱持干预成功地将婴儿被抱持的次数，尤其是安静时被抱持的次数增加到了目标水平。响应性干预使抱持次数的增加较为有限，喂奶频率略有增加，但并未影响父母互动性和玩耍的测量指标。在任何一项测量指标上，三组婴儿在哭闹和烦躁次数方面均未发现差异。辅助分析证实，因变量（婴儿烦躁/哭闹）和主要自变量（安静时被抱持）之间无显著相关性。
目前，不建议将辅助抱持或提高父母响应性作为减少婴儿哭闹的主要预防性干预措施。
