The neurophysiological basis of learning, Part 2: Concept formation/abstraction, reasoning and executive functions--implications for SCI nurses.

Understanding the neurophysiological basis of learning enables nurses working with spinal cord injured persons to astutely assess potential for learning. This is particularly relevant when head injury or drug effects are influencing neurological systems relevant to learning. The neuroanatomical and neurophysiological bases of learning are related to attention, memory, concept formation/abstraction, reasoning, and executive systems. Concept formation/abstraction, reasoning and executive systems are discussed as they relate to learning in this article. This information is incorporated into expanded assessment. More in-depth nursing assessment related to cognitive systems necessary for learning enables nurses to identify intact and deficit cognitive systems and quantify deficits. Astute assessment is fundamental to planning effective teaching and learning strategies for spinal cord injured persons especially when learning deficits exist, e.g., in head injured persons who have sustained a spinal cord injury. Implications for client and family education derive from an understanding of the normal neurophysiological basis of learning and normal and abnormal assessment findings.