Ferraz-de-Carvalho C A, Liberti E A, Fujimura I, Nogueira J O
Department of Anatomy, University of São Paulo, Brasil.
Surg Radiol Anat. 1994;16(3):267-75. doi: 10.1007/BF01627681.
The arrangement of muscle, collagen and elastic fibers was studied in the retro- and suprahepatic (subdiaphragmatic) portions of the inferior vena cava, the hepatic veins and their main affluents. Distinctive features of the longitudinal and transverse muscle bundles are described. In these portions of the vena cava, both bundle systems are clearly separate and any continuity was observed only at the entrances of the hepatic veins. A musculo-venulolymphatic complex was noted in spurs formed by the vascular junctions. The hepatic veins and their main affluents exhibit an elliptical contour in transverse section, which apparently results from cranial and caudal thickenings of the longitudinal muscle layer. Many of these bundles are in continuity with those of the transverse muscle layer. Terminal elastic tendons were rarely observed in connection with muscle fibers of the inferior vena cava and are not present in the hepatic veins and their main affluents. In terms of form and function, the relatively thin muscular layer has a dilating action on the hepatic venous system because of the external fixed insertion point of the muscle bundles. Such an arrangement and a "polar" disposition of the muscle bundles in the hepatic venous system may assists in "suction" of the blood toward the heart. A sphincteric control of the ostia by means of crossed muscular loops supported by venulo-lymphatic micropads is a possibility.
对下腔静脉肝后段和肝上段（膈下）、肝静脉及其主要属支内的肌肉、胶原纤维和弹性纤维的排列进行了研究。描述了纵行和横行肌束的独特特征。在下腔静脉的这些部分，两个肌束系统明显分开，仅在肝静脉入口处观察到有连续性。在血管交汇处形成的嵴中发现了肌肉 - 静脉 - 淋巴复合体。肝静脉及其主要属支在横切面上呈椭圆形轮廓，这显然是由于纵行肌层的头侧和尾侧增厚所致。许多这些肌束与横行肌层的肌束相连。在下腔静脉的肌纤维中很少观察到终末弹性腱，在肝静脉及其主要属支中也不存在。就形态和功能而言，相对较薄的肌层由于肌束的外部固定附着点而对肝静脉系统具有扩张作用。肝静脉系统中这种肌束的排列和“极性”分布可能有助于将血液“抽吸”向心脏。通过由静脉 - 淋巴微垫支撑的交叉肌环对开口进行括约肌控制是有可能的。
