Greenberg D, Witztum E
Jerusalem Mental Health Center, Israel.
Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 1994;31(3):211-20.
Judaism is one of many religions that demand cleanliness and exactness, inculcate the performance of rituals from childhood and view their non-performance as wrong or sinful. Rituals concerning cleanliness and exactness are the commonest presentations of OCD. In a sample of 34 psychiatric out-patients with OCD in north Jerusalem, religious symptoms were found in 13 of the 19 ultra-orthodox patients, and in one of the 15 non-ultra-orthodox patients. Nine of the 15 OCD patients with religious symptoms also had non-religious symptoms. Four main topics of religious symptomatology were found: prayer, dietary practices, menstrual practices and cleanliness before prayer. The dictates of religious codes regarding these topics are presented and the law is rigorous in its demands, in many cases encouraging repeating rituals. Nevertheless, repetitive performance of religious rituals is recognized by OCD sufferers and their rabbis as expressing psychopathology rather than heightened spirituality. The forms of the religious obsessions and the associated rituals in this sample were similar to the presentation of OCD in non-religious patients. Religion appears not to be a distinctive topic of OCD, rather it is the setting for the condition in very religious patients.
犹太教是众多要求洁净和精确的宗教之一，从童年起就反复灌输宗教仪式的履行，并将不履行视为错误或有罪。关于洁净和精确的仪式是强迫症最常见的表现形式。在耶路撒冷北部的34名患有强迫症的精神科门诊患者样本中，19名极端正统派患者中有13名出现宗教症状，15名非极端正统派患者中有1名出现宗教症状。15名有宗教症状的强迫症患者中有9名也有非宗教症状。发现宗教症状学的四个主要主题：祈祷、饮食习惯、经期习俗以及祈祷前的洁净。文中呈现了宗教法典关于这些主题的规定，并且这些规定要求严格，在许多情况下鼓励重复仪式。然而，强迫症患者及其拉比认为，宗教仪式的重复履行表达的是精神病理学而非更高的灵性。该样本中宗教强迫观念及相关仪式的形式与非宗教患者的强迫症表现相似。宗教似乎并非强迫症的一个独特主题，而是在宗教信仰非常虔诚的患者中，它是这种病症的背景。
