Weiland S K, Stolpe S, Keil U
Institut für Epidemiologie und Sozialmedizin, Universität Münster.
Soz Praventivmed. 1994;39(5):293-8. doi: 10.1007/BF01298841.
The best way to prevent the deleterious health effects of cigarette smoking is helping children to refrain from starting the habit. As a part of a survey of the prevalence of asthma symptoms in children and adolescents, we investigated the smoking habits of grade seven and eight school children in Bochum, a city of approximately 400,000 people in northwestern Germany. A random sample of 2050 children (93%) answered a confidential questionnaire. Fifty-three percent of the children responded that they had ever smoked cigarettes and 26% indicated that they had smoked during the previous month. 10% of the teenagers smoked daily, and 5% smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day. The prevalence of active smoking during the previous month was more frequent among girls (28%) than among boys (23%), but slightly more boys (5%) than girls (4%) smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day. The prevalence of active smoking was increased among children living in families of lower socio-economic status or in households with smokers. The high prevalence of cigarette smoking among the school children in Bochum, Germany, emphasizes the need to develop and implement effective intervention programs for children and adolescents and to contribute to a social environment which is conductive to refraining from smoking.
预防吸烟对健康产生有害影响的最佳方法是帮助儿童避免养成吸烟习惯。作为一项关于儿童和青少年哮喘症状患病率调查的一部分，我们调查了德国西北部拥有约40万人口的波鸿市七年级和八年级学生的吸烟习惯。2050名儿童（93%）的随机样本回答了一份保密问卷。53%的儿童回答他们曾经吸过烟，26%表示他们在前一个月吸过烟。10%的青少年每天吸烟，5%的青少年每天吸烟超过10支。前一个月主动吸烟的患病率在女孩中（28%）比在男孩中（23%）更高，但每天吸烟超过10支的男孩（5%）略多于女孩（4%）。生活在社会经济地位较低家庭或有吸烟者家庭中的儿童主动吸烟的患病率更高。德国波鸿市学童吸烟率很高，这凸显了为儿童和青少年制定并实施有效干预计划以及营造有助于戒烟的社会环境的必要性。
