Stieber J, Härtel U, Heller W D, Keil U, Gostomzyk J G
GSF-Medis-Institut, Neuherberg.
Soz Praventivmed. 1988;33(1):22-6. doi: 10.1007/BF02084001.
Data concerning smoking habits were derived from the first MONICA-Augsburg survey 1984/85 based on a random two stage cluster sample of the 25-64 year old population of the city of Augsburg and the two surrounding rural districts (n = 5312). Data were gathered by a standardized interview. Response was 79%. Overall, about 36% of men and 18% of women are regular cigarette smokers (i.e. smoking more than one cigarette per day). In both sexes smoking decreases with increasing age. In men 43% of the 25-34 year old participants are regular smokers and 29% in the age group 55-64. In women 29% of the youngest age group but only 9% aged 55-64 are current regular smokers. In male regular cigarette smokers the mean amount of cigarettes consumed per day is 21, in women 14 cigarettes. The mean amount of nicotine and tar consumed per day is 17 mg and 277 mg in men, 10 mg and 159 mg in women. On the average men start smoking at the age of 18 and women at the age of 21. In both sexes the percentage of regular smokers, who are willing to change their smoking habits, is very high. In each age and sex group about 60% of all regular smokers affirmed their willingness to quit smoking in the future. It is hoped, that this willingness of the population to change their smoking behavior will be supported by suitable education and intervention programs.
关于吸烟习惯的数据来自1984/85年第一次奥格斯堡地区动脉粥样硬化监测研究（MONICA-Augsburg），该研究基于对奥格斯堡市及周边两个农村地区25至64岁人群的随机两阶段整群抽样（n = 5312）。数据通过标准化访谈收集。应答率为79%。总体而言，约36%的男性和18%的女性是经常吸烟者（即每天吸烟超过一支）。在两性中，吸烟率均随年龄增长而下降。在男性中，25至34岁参与者中有43%是经常吸烟者，55至64岁年龄组中这一比例为29%。在女性中，最年轻年龄组中有29%是经常吸烟者，但55至64岁年龄组中只有9%是经常吸烟者。男性经常吸烟者平均每天吸烟21支，女性为14支。男性每天平均摄入的尼古丁和焦油含量分别为17毫克和277毫克，女性为10毫克和159毫克。男性平均18岁开始吸烟，女性平均21岁开始吸烟。在两性中，愿意改变吸烟习惯的经常吸烟者比例都非常高。在每个年龄和性别组中，约60%的经常吸烟者表示愿意在未来戒烟。希望通过适当的教育和干预项目来支持民众改变吸烟行为的意愿。
