Vieweg J, Gilboa E
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
Cancer Invest. 1995;13(2):193-201. doi: 10.3109/07357909509011690.
Limited efficacy of chemotherapy in most solid tumors has revived interest in immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer. One novel form of immunotherapy is the use of cancer vaccines consisting of tumor cells genetically engineered to secrete cytokines. The rationale for this immunization strategy is based on the existence of tumor-specific antigens, on the importance of the cellular arm of the immune system in mediating an effective antitumor response, and on the role of cytokines in regulating the cellular immune response. Such tumor vaccines showed considerable promise in various animal models and induced potent antitumor immunity in the host, which led to regression of established tumors and, moreover, produced immunological memory protecting animals from a subsequent tumor challenge at a distant site. Translated to the human patient, this implies that genetically modified tumor vaccines may be able to eradicate or reduce existing tumor deposits to subclinical levels as well as provide long-term protection from regrowth of tumor cells. This report will review and discuss the concept and rationale for the use of cytokine-secreting tumor vaccines for the treatment of human malignancies.
化疗在大多数实体瘤中的疗效有限，这重新激发了人们对癌症免疫治疗方法的兴趣。一种新型免疫疗法是使用由经过基因工程改造以分泌细胞因子的肿瘤细胞组成的癌症疫苗。这种免疫策略的基本原理基于肿瘤特异性抗原的存在、免疫系统细胞分支在介导有效的抗肿瘤反应中的重要性以及细胞因子在调节细胞免疫反应中的作用。此类肿瘤疫苗在各种动物模型中显示出相当大的前景，并在宿主中诱导了强大的抗肿瘤免疫力，这导致已建立的肿瘤消退，此外，还产生了免疫记忆，保护动物免受远处随后的肿瘤攻击。转化到人类患者身上，这意味着基因改造的肿瘤疫苗或许能够将现有的肿瘤沉积物根除或减少到亚临床水平，并提供长期保护以防止肿瘤细胞再生。本报告将回顾和讨论使用分泌细胞因子的肿瘤疫苗治疗人类恶性肿瘤的概念和基本原理。
