Reis M F, Gold D P, Andres D, Markiewicz D, Gauthier S
Concordia University, Canada.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1994;39(3):257-71. doi: 10.2190/6LYN-YFWQ-P87D-MKWX.
This study tested predictions specifying the influence of caregiver personality traits on negative outcomes of caregiving, health complaints and burden. Two-hundred and thirteen caregivers, who were caring for family members with dementia, were interviewed and their relatives were assessed on cognitive status and aggression. At follow-up conducted twenty-four months later, forty-five caregivers were still continuing to provide home care for their dependents. Caregivers who scored higher on a measure of neuroticism experienced higher levels of burden and health complaints both at initial and follow-up assessment. Caregiver extraversion-introversion did not influence the experience of caregiving. At both initial and final assessment, the ability to enjoy some aspects of caregiving, recreational activities, and satisfaction with social support from family and friends mitigated negative outcomes of caregiving, while appraising the dependent as more troublesome increased negative outcomes. Caring for more cognitively impaired and more aggressive dependents and being female increased negative outcomes initially. Personality traits and most other study variables demonstrated significant continuity across time for caregivers continuing home care.
本研究检验了关于照顾者人格特质对照顾的负面结果、健康问题及负担影响的预测。对213名照顾患有痴呆症家庭成员的照顾者进行了访谈，并对其亲属的认知状况和攻击性进行了评估。在24个月后进行的随访中，45名照顾者仍在继续为其受抚养人提供家庭护理。在神经质测量中得分较高的照顾者在初始评估和随访评估时均经历了更高水平的负担和健康问题。照顾者的外向-内向性格并未影响照顾体验。在初始评估和最终评估时，从照顾、娱乐活动的某些方面获得乐趣的能力以及对来自家人和朋友的社会支持的满意度减轻了照顾的负面结果，而将受抚养人评价为更麻烦则增加了负面结果。照顾认知障碍程度更高、攻击性更强的受抚养人以及女性身份在初始阶段会增加负面结果。对于继续提供家庭护理的照顾者而言，人格特质和大多数其他研究变量在不同时间显示出显著的连续性。
