Grio R, Porpiglia M
Chair A, Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Turin, Italy.
Panminerva Med. 1994 Sep;36(3):138-41.
Obesity is the major nutritional problem affecting industrialised society. According to a recent ISTAT survey, 41% of men and 19% of women in the Italian population suffer from obesity. Obesity is a complex pathological entity with a multiform and often indeterminable etiology. Studies of natural and adopted children and twins suggest that a clear hereditary, constitutional predisposing factor is present in obesity which interacts with environmental conditions. The genetic factor is also suggested by the statistical finding that if neither parent is obese, then only 7-10% of their children will be obese, whereas if one parent is obese, 40-50% of children will probably become obese, and if both parents are obese as many as 70-80% of children will be obese. The risks related to obesity can be broadly categorised as mechanical and metabolic. The former include arthrosis, osteoporosis, degenerative diseases affecting the joints and bone matrix, muscular hypotrophy and respiratory deficits. The major metabolic risks include hypercholesterolemia, altered glycoregulation and hyperuricemia. From an obstetric point of view, apart from the fact that obesity is often associated with sterility, excess weight can often lead to sometimes dramatic complications during pregnancy, involving major risks for both mother and fetus. From a gynecological point of view the links between obesity, tumours and menopause are well known.
肥胖是影响工业化社会的主要营养问题。根据意大利国家统计局最近的一项调查，意大利人口中41%的男性和19%的女性患有肥胖症。肥胖是一种复杂的病理实体，病因多样且往往难以确定。对亲生、领养儿童及双胞胎的研究表明，肥胖存在明显的遗传、体质易患因素，且该因素与环境条件相互作用。一项统计结果也表明了遗传因素的存在：若父母双方均不肥胖，其子女只有7% - 10%会肥胖；若父母一方肥胖，子女有40% - 50%可能会肥胖；若父母双方都肥胖，高达70% - 80%的子女会肥胖。与肥胖相关的风险大致可分为机械性风险和代谢性风险。前者包括关节病、骨质疏松症、影响关节和骨基质的退行性疾病、肌肉萎缩和呼吸功能不全。主要的代谢性风险包括高胆固醇血症、糖调节异常和高尿酸血症。从产科角度来看，除了肥胖常与不育有关外，体重超标在孕期往往会引发一些有时甚至很严重的并发症，对母亲和胎儿都构成重大风险。从妇科角度来看，肥胖、肿瘤和更年期之间的联系众所周知。
