Bromberg L E, Klibanov A M
Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Feb 28;92(5):1262-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.5.1262.
Using lipid-impregnated porous cellulose membranes as biomimetic barriers, we tested the hypothesis that to afford effective transmembrane transfer of proteins and nucleic acids, the vehicle solvent should be able to dissolve both the biopolymers and the lipids. While the majority of solvents dissolve one or the other, ethanol and methanol were found to dissolve both, especially if the protein had been lyophilized from an aqueous solution of a pH remote from the protein's isoelectric point. A number of proteins, as well as RNA and DNA, dissolved in these alcohols readily crossed the lipidized membranes, whereas the same biopolymers placed in nondissolving solvents (e.g., hexane and ethyl acetate) or in those unable to dissolve lipids (e.g., water and dimethyl sulfoxide) exhibited little transmembrane transport. The solubility of biopolymers in ethanol and methanol was further enhanced by complexation with detergents and poly(ethylene glycol); significant protein and nucleic acid transport through the lipidized membranes was observed from these solvents but not from water.
我们使用脂质浸渍的多孔纤维素膜作为仿生屏障，验证了这样一个假设：为了实现蛋白质和核酸的有效跨膜转运，载体溶剂应能够溶解生物聚合物和脂质。虽然大多数溶剂只能溶解其中一种，但发现乙醇和甲醇都能溶解两者，特别是当蛋白质从远离其等电点的pH值的水溶液中冻干时。许多蛋白质以及RNA和DNA溶解在这些醇类中后很容易穿过脂质化膜，而置于不溶性溶剂（如己烷和乙酸乙酯）或不能溶解脂质的溶剂（如水和二甲基亚砜）中的相同生物聚合物几乎没有跨膜转运。通过与洗涤剂和聚乙二醇络合，生物聚合物在乙醇和甲醇中的溶解度进一步提高；从这些溶剂中观察到蛋白质和核酸通过脂质化膜的显著转运，但从水中则未观察到。
