Mangun G R
Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis 95616.
Psychophysiology. 1995 Jan;32(1):4-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1995.tb03400.x.
Visual selective attention improves our perception and performance by modifying sensory inputs at an early stage of processing. Spatial attention produces the most consistent early modulations of visual processing, which can be observed when attention is voluntarily allocated to locations. These effects of spatial attention are similar when attention is cued in a trial-by-trial, or sustained, fashion and are manifest as changes in the amplitudes, but not the latencies, of evoked neural activity recorded from the intact human scalp. This modulation of sensory processing first occurs within the extrastriate visual cortex and not within the striate or earlier subcortical processing stages. These relatively early spatial filters alter the inputs to higher stages of visual analysis that are responsible for feature extraction and ultimately object perception and recognition, and thus provide physiological evidence for early precategorical selection during visual attention. Moreover, the physiological evidence extends early selection theories by providing neurophysiologically precise information about the stages of visual processing affected by attention.
视觉选择性注意通过在加工的早期阶段改变感觉输入来提高我们的感知和表现。空间注意产生视觉加工中最一致的早期调制，当注意力被自愿分配到各个位置时就可以观察到这种调制。当注意力以逐次试验或持续的方式被提示时，空间注意的这些效应是相似的，并且表现为从完整的人类头皮记录的诱发神经活动的振幅变化，而不是潜伏期变化。这种感觉加工的调制首先发生在纹外视觉皮层内，而不是在纹状或更早的皮层下加工阶段。这些相对早期的空间过滤器改变了负责特征提取以及最终物体感知和识别的视觉分析更高阶段的输入，从而为视觉注意期间的早期范畴前选择提供了生理学证据。此外，生理学证据通过提供关于受注意影响的视觉加工阶段的神经生理学精确信息，扩展了早期选择理论。
