Altmann M, Trachsel H
Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universität Bern, Switzerland.
Biochimie. 1994;76(9):853-61. doi: 10.1016/0300-9084(94)90187-2.
This review summarizes recent progress in the study of initiation of protein synthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochemical and genetic approaches provide new insight into the recognition of the 5'-end of mRNA by initiation factors and 40S ribosomes, unwinding of mRNA secondary structures in the untranslated region and proper recognition of the AUG start codon. Experiments with initiation factor-dependent cell-free systems have facilitated studies of factor functions and factor requirements for translation of different mRNAs. The analysis of mutations which suppress the inhibitory effect on translation of RNA secondary structure in the 5'-untranslated region of yeast mRNAs has led to the identification of gene products which may be involved in both transcription and translation.
本综述总结了酿酒酵母中蛋白质合成起始研究的最新进展。生化和遗传学方法为起始因子和40S核糖体对mRNA 5′端的识别、非翻译区mRNA二级结构的解旋以及AUG起始密码子的正确识别提供了新的见解。依赖起始因子的无细胞系统实验促进了对因子功能以及不同mRNA翻译所需因子的研究。对抑制酵母mRNA 5′非翻译区RNA二级结构对翻译抑制作用的突变进行分析，已鉴定出可能参与转录和翻译的基因产物。
