Hopkins A G
Crit Care Nurse. 1994 Apr;14(2):35-43.
Trauma occurs suddenly and without warning, leaving the family ill-prepared to deal with the stressful event. Because this experience is often the first of its kind for the family, they may have no experience in dealing with these situations. Depending upon which member of the family is injured, a family's entire lifestyle could be disrupted, necessitating a shift in family roles and responsibilities. Previous coping skills are generally inadequate, and feelings of helplessness and powerlessness abound. The unknown time frame for recovery from the traumatic event is an additional stressor. Loss of the traditional family structure and inadequate support systems require that the trauma nurse be able to assist families of trauma victims in this time of crisis. To effectively support the family, the nurse must understand the impact of trauma and typical family responses to crisis. The key to effective management of these families is early assessment and appropriate intervention through providing information, active listening, facilitating flexibility in visiting, and family conferences.
创伤突然发生且毫无预兆，使家庭毫无准备应对这一压力事件。由于这种经历对家庭来说往往是首次，他们可能没有应对此类情况的经验。根据家庭中受伤的成员不同，一个家庭的整个生活方式可能会被打乱，这就需要家庭角色和责任的转变。以前的应对技巧通常不足，无助和无力感普遍存在。创伤事件恢复时间的不确定性是另一个压力源。传统家庭结构的丧失和支持系统的不足要求创伤护士在这个危机时刻能够帮助创伤受害者的家庭。为了有效地支持家庭，护士必须了解创伤的影响以及家庭对危机的典型反应。有效管理这些家庭的关键是早期评估和通过提供信息、积极倾听、促进探视灵活性以及召开家庭会议进行适当干预。
