Keast J R, Kawatani M
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Queensland, Australia.
J Auton Nerv Syst. 1994 Dec 15;50(2):161-9. doi: 10.1016/0165-1838(94)90006-x.
Nitric oxide is a neurotransmitter which causes smooth muscle relaxation and may contribute to this response in some regions of the lower urinary tract. In the present study the distributions of neurons and their axons which contain the synthetic enzyme for nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase, were mapped by staining for NADPH diaphorase in sections of proximal urethra, bladder trigone and detrusor and whole mounts of vesical ganglia from cats. Stained axons were present in the smooth muscle of all regions of bladder and proximal urethra, but were most common in the urethra and least prevalent in the detrusor. Stained axons were also present in the mucosa; most of these were associated with blood vessels, but some travelled close to the epithelium. Stained mucosal axons were much more numerous in the proximal urethra than in any bladder region. Darkly stained neuronal somata were found throughout the vesical ganglia, where they appeared to comprise the majority of neurons. Small ganglia containing stained neurons were also found in sections of various urinary tract regions, where they were located in the serosa, between muscle layers and, in the urethra, also in the mucosa. These studies have shown an extensive distribution of neurons and axons that stain for NADPH diaphorase (and are predicted to synthesize nitric oxide) throughout all tissues of the cat lower urinary tract. It is hypothesized that nitric oxide is an inhibitory transmitter in the cat bladder and proximal urethra and may also have a role as a sensory transmitter in the mucosa of these regions.
一氧化氮是一种神经递质，可引起平滑肌松弛，并可能在膀胱下尿路的某些区域促成这种反应。在本研究中，通过对猫的近端尿道、膀胱三角区和逼尿肌切片以及膀胱神经节整装片进行NADPH黄递酶染色，绘制了含有一氧化氮合成酶（一种一氧化氮合成酶）的神经元及其轴突的分布图。染色的轴突存在于膀胱和近端尿道所有区域的平滑肌中，但在尿道中最为常见，在逼尿肌中最不常见。染色的轴突也存在于黏膜中；其中大多数与血管相关，但有些靠近上皮细胞走行。近端尿道中染色的黏膜轴突比任何膀胱区域都要多得多。在整个膀胱神经节中都发现了深色染色的神经元胞体，它们似乎构成了大多数神经元。在尿路各个区域的切片中也发现了含有染色神经元的小神经节，它们位于浆膜层、肌层之间，在尿道中，也存在于黏膜中。这些研究表明，在猫膀胱下尿路的所有组织中，都广泛分布着对NADPH黄递酶染色（预计可合成一氧化氮）的神经元和轴突。据推测，一氧化氮是猫膀胱和近端尿道中的一种抑制性递质，并且在这些区域的黏膜中也可能作为一种感觉递质发挥作用。
