Schifferstein H N
Department of Marketing and Marketing Research, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Percept Psychophys. 1995 Jan;57(1):56-70. doi: 10.3758/bf03211850.
Manipulating stimulus spacing, stimulus frequency, or stimulus range usually affects intensity judgments. In six experiments, I investigated the locus of analogues of these contextual effects in a "difference" estimation task. When all stimuli elicited the same taste quality, stimulus distribution affected the scale values only when water was included in the stimulus set (Experiments 1-3). When the subjective ranges of two taste qualities were manipulated, different scale values were obtained for the separate qualities in the two conditions (Experiment 4). Manipulation of the expected response distribution did not affect the scale values or the responses (Experiments 5-6). It is concluded that shifts in stimulus distributions or stimulus ranges result in shifts in subjective scale values. The contextual effects can be interpreted as relative shifts of a number of gustatory continua, with water lying on a separate continuum. Proposed is a model for context-dependent judgments, consisting of four stages: stimulus classification, stimulus placement, continuum placement, and continuum projection.
操纵刺激间距、刺激频率或刺激范围通常会影响强度判断。在六个实验中，我研究了这些情境效应的类似物在“差异”估计任务中的作用位点。当所有刺激引发相同的味觉品质时，只有当刺激集中包含水时，刺激分布才会影响量表值（实验1 - 3）。当操纵两种味觉品质的主观范围时，在两种条件下分别获得了不同品质的不同量表值（实验4）。操纵预期反应分布不会影响量表值或反应（实验5 - 6）。得出的结论是，刺激分布或刺激范围的变化会导致主观量表值的变化。情境效应可解释为多个味觉连续体的相对变化，水位于一个单独的连续体上。提出了一个情境依赖判断的模型，包括四个阶段：刺激分类、刺激定位、连续体定位和连续体投射。
