Ost L G, Westling B E
Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden.
Behav Res Ther. 1995 Feb;33(2):145-58. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)e0026-f.
The present study investigated the efficacy of a coping-technique, applied relaxation (AR) and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), in the treatment of panic disorder. Thirty-eight outpatients fulfilling the DSM-III-R criteria for panic disorder with no (n = 30) or mild (n = 8) avoidance were assessed with independent assessor ratings, self-report scales and self-observation of panic attacks before and after treatment, and at a 1-yr follow-up. The patients were treated individually for 12 weekly sessions. The results showed that both treatments yielded very large improvements, which were maintained, or furthered at follow-up. There was no difference between AR and CBT on any measure. The proportion of panic-free patients were 65 and 74% at post-treatment, and 82 and 89% at follow-up, for AR and CBT, respectively. There were no relapses at follow-up, on the contrary 55% of the patients who still had panic attacks at post-treatment were panic-free at follow-up. Besides affecting panic attacks the treatments also yielded marked and lasting changes on generalized anxiety, depression and cognitive misinterpretations. The conclusion that can be drawn is that both AR and CBT are effective treatments for panic disorder without avoidance.
本研究调查了一种应对技术——应用放松疗法（AR）和认知行为疗法（CBT）在治疗惊恐障碍方面的疗效。对38名符合DSM-III-R惊恐障碍标准且无（n = 30）或轻度（n = 8）回避症状的门诊患者，在治疗前后及1年随访时，通过独立评估者评分、自我报告量表和惊恐发作的自我观察进行评估。患者接受为期12周的个体治疗。结果显示，两种治疗方法均取得了非常显著的改善，且在随访时得以维持或进一步改善。在任何测量指标上，AR和CBT之间均无差异。治疗后，AR组和CBT组无惊恐发作患者的比例分别为65%和74%，随访时分别为82%和89%。随访时无复发情况，相反，治疗后仍有惊恐发作的患者中，55%在随访时无惊恐发作。除了影响惊恐发作外，这些治疗方法还在广泛性焦虑、抑郁和认知误解方面产生了显著且持久的变化。可以得出的结论是，AR和CBT都是治疗无回避症状惊恐障碍的有效方法。
