Hernanz-Schulman M, Ambrosino M M, Freeman P C, Quinn C B
Department of Pediatric Radiology, Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232.
Radiology. 1995 Apr;195(1):193-5. doi: 10.1148/radiology.195.1.7892467.
To determine the normal caliber and rate of growth of the extrahepatic biliary ducts in the pediatric population.
The diameter of the common bile duct was measured with sonography in 173 children aged 1 day to 13 years (mean, 6.0 years; median, 5.0 years) who were examined for reasons other than hepatic or biliary tract disease. Results were subjected to regression analysis and compared with similar measurements of the extrahepatic portal vein and hepatic artery. The size of the gallbladder was subjectively estimated as distended, moderately full, and contracted. Differences in the diameter of the common bile duct in these three groups were evaluated with the Mann-Whitney U test.
The average diameter of the common bile duct in this population was 1.27 mm +/- 0.67 (< 3.3 mm in all patients and < 1.2 mm in children aged 3 months or less). The slope of the curve describing the growth of the common bile duct was relatively flat, similar to that of the hepatic artery and half that of the portal vein. There was a significant difference in the diameter of the common bile duct between patients with distended gallbladders and those with contracted gallbladder (P = .02).
The pediatric common bile duct is significantly smaller than adult norms; it is a distensible structure responsive to fluctuations in prandial bile flow.
确定小儿群体肝外胆管的正常管径及生长速率。
对173名年龄在1天至13岁（平均6.0岁；中位数5.0岁）因非肝脏或胆道疾病接受检查的儿童进行超声检查，测量胆总管直径。将结果进行回归分析，并与肝外门静脉和肝动脉的类似测量结果进行比较。主观评估胆囊大小为扩张、中度充盈和收缩。采用Mann-Whitney U检验评估这三组中胆总管直径的差异。
该群体中胆总管的平均直径为1.27 mm±0.67（所有患者均<3.3 mm，3个月及以下儿童<1.2 mm）。描述胆总管生长的曲线斜率相对平缓，与肝动脉相似，为门静脉的一半。胆囊扩张患者与胆囊收缩患者的胆总管直径存在显著差异（P = 0.02）。
小儿胆总管明显小于成人标准；它是一个可扩张的结构，对餐后胆汁流量的波动有反应。
