Hugeux P, Barouti H
Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Service de Rééducation et Réadaptation Fonctionnelles, Clamart.
Bull Acad Natl Med. 1994 Oct;178(7):1357-63; discussion 1363-4.
Just as the concept of war itself, the concept of the war victim is progressive, necessitating legal, economic, social, sanitary, ethical and political adaptations. In France, the laws of 1919, effective from 2nd August 1914, brought radical reform as laws of public solidarity, which guaranteed by the nation, the support of invalids of the most savage war in history. The collective nature of this new social risk obliged the state to replace a purely financial compensation by a solution of rehabilitation. The "Office National des Mutilés et Réformés", created in March 1916, was put in charge of the organisation of professional reeducation. The "war invalids" category was being transform a logic of assistance into one of social action. Later, the legislative structure made extensions, enlarging the beneficiaries in the "war victim" category. The "Service de Santé des Armées" in its basic mission of support to the armed forces covers many areas. The "Anciens Combattants et Victimes de Guerre" administration disposes of specific instruments, such as the "Institution Nationale des Invalides", the "Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur l'Appareillage des Handicapés", the "Office National des Anciens Combatants". These joint actions, added to the ones of very influential autonomous associations, contribute to give handicapped war victims an honourable citizenship.
正如战争概念本身一样，战争受害者的概念也是不断发展的，这就需要在法律、经济、社会、卫生、伦理和政治等方面进行调整。在法国，1919年的法律自1914年8月2日起生效，作为公共团结法带来了根本性的改革，国家保障对历史上最残酷战争的伤残者提供支持。这种新的社会风险的集体性质迫使国家用康复解决方案取代单纯的经济补偿。1916年3月成立的“国家伤残和康复办公室”负责组织职业再教育。“战争伤残者”类别正从援助逻辑转变为社会行动逻辑。后来，立法结构进行了扩展，扩大了“战争受害者”类别的受益范围。“军队卫生服务局”在其支持武装部队的基本任务中涵盖了许多领域。“退伍军人和战争受害者”管理部门拥有特定的机构，如“国家伤残军人院”、“残疾人器械研究中心”、“国家退伍军人办公室”。这些联合行动，再加上非常有影响力的自治协会的行动，有助于赋予残疾战争受害者应有的公民身份。
