Burgoyne R D, Graham M E, Cambray-Deakin M
Physiological Laboratory, University of Liverpool, UK.
J Neurocytol. 1993 Sep;22(9):689-95. doi: 10.1007/BF01181314.
Glutamate acting on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors controls a variety of aspects of neuronal plasticity in the adult and developing brain. This review summarizes its effects on developing cerebellar granule cells. The glutamatergic mossy fibre input to cerebellar granule cells exerts a neurotrophic effect on these cells during development. The investigation of potential neurotrophic agents can be carried out using enriched granule cell cultures. Considerable evidence now indicates that glutamate acting on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors is an important neurotrophic factor that regulates granule cell development. In culture, neurite growth, differentiation and cell survival are all stimulated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation. The intracellular pathways involved following Ca2+ entry through the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel are beginning to be elucidated. The cerebellar granule cell culture system may provide an ideal model to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in long term N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated changes in neuronal function.
谷氨酸作用于N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体，可控制成年和发育中大脑神经元可塑性的多个方面。本综述总结了其对发育中小脑颗粒细胞的影响。在发育过程中，谷氨酸能苔藓纤维输入到小脑颗粒细胞，对这些细胞发挥神经营养作用。可以使用富集的颗粒细胞培养物来研究潜在的神经营养因子。现在有大量证据表明，作用于N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体的谷氨酸是调节颗粒细胞发育的重要神经营养因子。在培养中，N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体激活可刺激神经突生长、分化和细胞存活。通过N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体通道进入细胞内的Ca2+所涉及的细胞内信号通路已开始得到阐明。小脑颗粒细胞培养系统可能为研究长期N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体介导的神经元功能变化所涉及的分子机制提供理想模型。
