Schenker J G
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1993 Dec;43(3):247-55. doi: 10.1016/0020-7292(93)90512-u.
Genetic material donation has become an integral part of the management of infertility. Sperm, oocyte and pre-embryo donation are medical and technical successful procedures, undertaken to deliberately procure the creation of a child. By application of the modern assisted reproductive technologies (ART), it is the adult's interests which are upheld. This does not necessarily imply that those interests apply also to the resulting offspring. Therefore, practice of genetic material donation raises ethical, legal, religious and social issues, which are discussed. The practice of gametes and pre-embryo donation is opposed by the main religions. The medical problems are related mainly to selection of donors, evaluation of recipients and quality control of the genetic material. The relationship between the biological and social parents and safeguarding the interest of the offspring, may be resolved by legislation pertaining to the individual country. Sperm and pre-embryo banks should be subjected to licensing and should not be run by a commercial system. The donated genetic material should not be used to extend the natural reproductive life span. By practicing sperm, oocyte and pre-embryo donation the medical profession and society should consider not only the interests of the infertile couple but the interests of the offspring as well.
遗传物质捐赠已成为不孕症治疗不可或缺的一部分。精子、卵子和胚胎前体捐赠是医学和技术上成功的程序，旨在有意促成孩子的诞生。通过应用现代辅助生殖技术（ART），维护的是成年人的利益。但这并不一定意味着这些利益也适用于由此产生的后代。因此，遗传物质捐赠引发了伦理、法律、宗教和社会问题，本文对此进行了讨论。主要宗教反对配子和胚胎前体捐赠行为。医学问题主要涉及供体的选择、受体的评估以及遗传物质的质量控制。生物学父母和社会父母之间的关系以及对后代利益的保护，可通过各国的相关立法来解决。精子库和胚胎前体库应获得许可，且不应由商业系统运营。捐赠的遗传物质不应被用于延长自然生殖寿命。通过实施精子、卵子和胚胎前体捐赠，医学界和社会不仅应考虑不孕夫妇的利益，还应考虑后代的利益。
