See R E, Chapman M A
Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4820.
Crit Rev Neurobiol. 1994;8(1-2):85-124.
Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) have been widely utilized in the treatment of a variety of psychiatric disorders, most prevalently for schizophrenia. In addition to their desired therapeutic effects, repeated administration of APDs often produces various motor side effects. Experimental evidence has implicated alterations in the nuclei of the basal ganglia as the basis for the motor dysfunctions that may arise during APD treatment. Because APDs are invariably administered for extended periods of time, a great deal of research has focused on the effects of prolonged drug exposure. Animal models have been a particularly valuable tool for studying APD effects on basal ganglia function following several weeks (subchronic) to months or years (chronic) of administration. The present paper reviews the scope of studies that have assessed various aspects of basal ganglia function in laboratory animals treated with APDs for prolonged period of time. Possible mechanisms of action are reviewed regarding subchronic and chronic APD effects on basal ganglia function as well as directions for future research.
抗精神病药物（APDs）已被广泛用于治疗各种精神疾病，最常见的是用于治疗精神分裂症。除了预期的治疗效果外，重复使用APDs通常会产生各种运动副作用。实验证据表明，基底神经节核的改变是APD治疗期间可能出现的运动功能障碍的基础。由于APDs总是需要长期服用，大量研究集中在长期药物暴露的影响上。动物模型对于研究在给药数周（亚慢性）至数月或数年（慢性）后APDs对基底神经节功能的影响来说，是一种特别有价值的工具。本文综述了评估长期接受APDs治疗的实验动物基底神经节功能各个方面的研究范围。文中还综述了亚慢性和慢性APDs对基底神经节功能影响的可能作用机制以及未来的研究方向。
