Heintges T, Lüthen R, Niederau C
Department of Gastroenterology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, FRG.
Digestion. 1994;55 Suppl 1:1-9.
The stimulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion has extensively been studied in the past. On the other hand, little is known about the factors and mechanisms which regulate inhibition of exocrine pancreatic secretion. This review, therefore, focuses on somatostatin as one candidate of several peptides which may physiologically mediate inhibition of pancreatic secretion and on its possible mode of action. Somatostatin probably inhibits pancreatic exocrine secretion by a variety of mechanisms which depend on the species and the type of secretion studied (postprandial vs. interdigestive secretion, protein vs. bicarbonate secretion): Somatostatin may act via inhibition of the release of circulating hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin or via intrapancreatic inhibition of the release or action of CCK. Somatostatin may inhibit acetylcholine release from nerve terminals which express specific somatostatin receptors or directly affect the secretory response of the acinar cells via specific somatostatin receptors by a reduction of intracellular cAMP. Somatostatin may also indirectly alter the pancreatic response to a meal by its extrapancreatic effects, e.g. inhibition of gastric secretion, gastric emptying, gallbladder emptying and gastrointestinal motility.
过去对外分泌性胰腺分泌的刺激已进行了广泛研究。另一方面，对于调节外分泌性胰腺分泌抑制的因素和机制却知之甚少。因此，本综述聚焦于生长抑素，它是几种可能在生理上介导胰腺分泌抑制的肽类之一，并探讨其可能的作用方式。生长抑素可能通过多种机制抑制胰腺外分泌，这些机制取决于所研究的物种以及分泌类型（餐后分泌与消化间期分泌、蛋白质分泌与碳酸氢盐分泌）：生长抑素可能通过抑制循环激素如胆囊收缩素（CCK）和促胰液素的释放来发挥作用，或者通过胰腺内抑制CCK的释放或作用来发挥作用。生长抑素可能抑制表达特定生长抑素受体的神经末梢释放乙酰胆碱，或者通过特定的生长抑素受体直接影响腺泡细胞的分泌反应，降低细胞内的环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）。生长抑素还可能通过其胰腺外作用间接改变胰腺对进食的反应，例如抑制胃酸分泌、胃排空、胆囊排空和胃肠蠕动。
