Tuppin P, de Thé G
Unité d'Epidémiologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris.
Bull Acad Natl Med. 1993 Oct;177(7):1131-48; discussion 1149-52.
There are interesting contrasts between the epidemiological characteristics of the two subfamilies of human retroviruses. The oncoretrovirus HTLV-I and II are endemic in Intertropical Africa, North and South Americas and in the South of Japan. The lentiretroviruses HIV 1 and 2 are epidemic in the five continents and are progressing rapidly. The sexual transmission is much more efficient for HIV than for HTLV. The mother-to-child transmission occurs mostly by breast feeding for HTLV, while it is perinatal for HIV. Concerning the cell-virus relationship, while the oncoretroviruses stimulate and eventually immortalize the T4 or T8 target cells, the lentiretroviruses are cytocidal for the T4 cells. The contrast extends to the latent period between primary infection and disease: much longer in a case of HTLV linked to either hematological (ATL) or neurological (TSP/HAM) disorders than HIV linked to AIDS. Finally, prevention by vaccine should be achievable much earlier for HTLVs than for HIVs.
人类逆转录病毒的两个亚科在流行病学特征上存在有趣的差异。致肿瘤逆转录病毒HTLV-I和II在热带非洲、南北美洲以及日本南部呈地方性流行。慢病毒HIV-1和HIV-2在五大洲流行且传播迅速。HIV的性传播比HTLV高效得多。HTLV的母婴传播主要通过母乳喂养，而HIV则是围产期传播。关于细胞与病毒的关系，致肿瘤逆转录病毒刺激并最终使T4或T8靶细胞永生化，而慢病毒对T4细胞具有细胞杀伤性。这种差异还延伸到初次感染与疾病之间的潜伏期：与血液学疾病（成人T细胞白血病）或神经学疾病（热带痉挛性截瘫/人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒相关脊髓病）相关的HTLV，其潜伏期比与艾滋病相关的HIV长得多。最后，HTLV通过疫苗进行预防应比HIV早得多就能实现。
