O'Brien S J
Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD 21702-1201.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jun 21;91(13):5748-55. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.13.5748.
The recognition of recent accelerated depletion of species as a consequence of human industrial development has spawned a wide interest in identifying threats to endangered species. In addition to ecological and demographic perils, it has become clear that small populations that narrowly survive demographic contraction may undergo close inbreeding, genetic drift, and loss of overall genomic variation due to allelic loss or reduction to homozygosity. I review here the consequences of such genetic depletion revealed by applying molecular population genetic analysis to four endangered mammals: African cheetah, lion, Florida panther, and humpback whale. The accumulated genetic results, combined with physiological, ecological, and ethological data, provide a multifaceted perspective of the process of species diminution. An emerging role of population genetics, phylogenetics, and phylogeography as indicators of a population's natural history and its future prognosis provides valuable data of use in the development of conservation management plans for endangered species.
由于人类工业发展导致物种近期加速灭绝，这引发了人们对识别濒危物种所面临威胁的广泛兴趣。除了生态和人口方面的危险外，很明显，那些在人口收缩中勉强存活下来的小种群可能会经历近亲繁殖、基因漂移，以及由于等位基因丢失或纯合性增加而导致的整体基因组变异丧失。在此，我回顾了通过对四种濒危哺乳动物——非洲猎豹、狮子、佛罗里达美洲狮和座头鲸——进行分子群体遗传学分析所揭示的这种基因枯竭的后果。积累的遗传学结果，结合生理、生态和行为学数据，为物种减少过程提供了多方面的视角。群体遗传学、系统发育学和系统地理学作为种群自然历史及其未来预后指标的新作用，为制定濒危物种保护管理计划提供了有价值的数据。
