Ziba C, Slutsker L, Chitsulo L, Steketee R W
Community Health Sciences Unit, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi.
Trop Med Parasitol. 1994 Mar;45(1):70-3.
Information on malaria prevention practices in households was obtained in a nation-wide knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey in Malawi. Of the 1,531 heads of household questioned, 55% were able to identify mosquitoes as the cause of malaria. Use of any type of malaria prevention method was reported by 52% of respondents. Among users, 47% used commercial products (insecticide, mosquito coils, bednets), and 64% used natural measures (burning leaves, dung, or wood); 11% used both. The most common commercial measure used was mosquito coils (16%) followed by insecticide spray (11%) and bednets (7%). Increasing household income and educational level of the household head were strongly correlated with use of commercial methods to prevent malaria; households with an income ranked moderate or greater were eight times more likely to have used a purchased product. Use of natural measures was correlated with lower income and educational level. Thirty-six percent of respondents reported having heard or seen information on malaria in the previous year. Use of household malaria preventive measures in Malawi is very low and income-dependent. Educational messages are required to improve understanding and use of affordable measures.
关于马拉维家庭疟疾预防措施的信息，是在一项全国性的知识、态度和实践调查中获取的。在接受询问的1531名户主中，55%能够识别出蚊子是疟疾的病因。52%的受访者报告使用了任何类型的疟疾预防方法。在使用者中，47%使用商业产品（杀虫剂、蚊香、蚊帐），64%使用天然措施（燃烧树叶、粪便或木材）；11%同时使用这两种方法。最常用的商业措施是蚊香（16%），其次是杀虫剂喷雾（11%）和蚊帐（7%）。家庭收入增加和户主教育水平提高与使用商业方法预防疟疾密切相关；收入中等或更高的家庭使用购买产品的可能性高出八倍。使用天然措施与较低的收入和教育水平相关。36%的受访者报告在前一年听说或看到过关于疟疾的信息。马拉维家庭疟疾预防措施的使用率非常低且依赖收入。需要开展教育宣传，以提高对经济适用措施的理解和使用。
