Tunnicliff G
Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Evansville 47712.
Comp Biochem Physiol Comp Physiol. 1994 Aug;108(4):471-8. doi: 10.1016/0300-9629(94)90329-8.
The human erythrocyte plasma membrane is permeable to several free amino acids usually present in the bloodstream. Seven distinct routes of entry have been described which represent both secondary active transport and facilitated diffusion (passive transport). Additionally, certain amino acids can enter the cell by simple diffusion, at least to a limited extent. The function of most of these transport systems is unclear, although it has been suggested that the cell can take up certain amino acids and carry them to various parts of the body. In the case of glutamine, cysteine, and glycine, however, it is believed that the biosynthesis of the tripeptide glutathione is the primary reason for their uptake into the cell. Much of the amino acid transport probably has no function in mature red cells, but might be a remnant of the immature cell's needs. This review discusses the various amino acid transport systems known to be present in the red cell plasma membrane.
人类红细胞质膜对血液中通常存在的几种游离氨基酸具有通透性。已描述了七种不同的进入途径，它们既代表继发性主动转运，也代表易化扩散（被动转运）。此外，某些氨基酸可以通过简单扩散进入细胞，至少在一定程度上是这样。尽管有人提出细胞可以摄取某些氨基酸并将它们输送到身体的各个部位，但这些转运系统中大多数的功能尚不清楚。然而，就谷氨酰胺、半胱氨酸和甘氨酸而言，人们认为三肽谷胱甘肽的生物合成是它们被细胞摄取的主要原因。许多氨基酸转运在成熟红细胞中可能没有功能，但可能是未成熟细胞需求的遗留物。本文综述了已知存在于红细胞质膜中的各种氨基酸转运系统。
