Johnstone E C, Geddes J
Department of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1994;382:6-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb05858.x.
Although maintenance neuroleptic treatment reduces the risk of relapse in schizophrenia, that risk remains substantial. Maintenance neuroleptics following first schizophrenic episodes are valuable in reducing the relapse rate but may be associated with occupational disadvantage. In first episodes the early introduction of neuroleptic treatment may be important in later reduction of relapse rate. Response to placebo during a psychotic episode does not predict sustained wellbeing without neuroleptics. Long-term follow-up indicates that some schizophrenic patients will remain relapse-free and that there are patients who remain well without neuroleptics, but it is not possible to select those for whom prophylactic neuroleptics will not reduce the risk of relapse.
尽管维持性抗精神病药物治疗可降低精神分裂症复发的风险，但该风险仍然很大。首次精神分裂症发作后使用维持性抗精神病药物对于降低复发率很有价值，但可能会带来职业方面的不利影响。在首次发作时尽早引入抗精神病药物治疗对于后期降低复发率可能很重要。在精神病发作期间对安慰剂的反应并不能预测在不使用抗精神病药物的情况下能否持续保持良好状态。长期随访表明，一些精神分裂症患者将保持无复发状态，并且有患者在不使用抗精神病药物的情况下也保持良好状态，但无法挑选出那些预防性使用抗精神病药物不会降低复发风险的患者。
