Lyon H M, Kaney S, Bentall R P
Hafed Las Community Mental Health Team, Llwar-y-Dref, Ynys Mon, Gwynedd.
Br J Psychiatry. 1994 May;164(5):637-46. doi: 10.1192/bjp.164.5.637.
Abnormalities of 'social' reasoning were investigated in patients suffering from persecutory delusions and in matched depressed and normal controls using transparent (obvious) and opaque (unobvious) tests of attributional style. Whereas depressed and normal subjects yielded similar causal inferences for both attributional measures, the deluded subjects showed a marked shift in internality, attributing negative outcomes to external causes on the transparent Attributional Style Questionnaire but, on the more opaque Pragmatic Inference Task, attributing negative outcomes to internal causes and thus showing a cognitive style resembling that of the depressed group. This finding, interpreted in terms of explicit versus implicit judgements, supports the hypothesis that delusions function as a defence against underlying feelings of low self-esteem.
利用归因风格的透明（明显）和不透明（不明显）测试，对患有被害妄想症的患者以及匹配的抑郁症患者和正常对照组进行了“社会”推理异常的研究。抑郁症患者和正常受试者在两种归因测量中得出了相似的因果推断，而患有妄想症的受试者在内在性方面表现出明显转变，在透明的归因风格问卷中将负面结果归因于外部原因，但在更不透明的语用推理任务中，将负面结果归因于内部原因，从而表现出与抑郁症组相似的认知风格。根据显性与隐性判断对这一发现进行解释，支持了妄想症起到抵御潜在自卑情绪作用的假设。
