Bauer S, Jakob E, Berg A, Keul J
Medizinische Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Abteilung Sport- und Leistungsmedizin, Hugstetterstrasse.
Schweiz Z Med Traumatol. 1994(3):35-42.
A well-balanced diet is an essential component for the development and maintenance of physical performance. Several studies on the dietary status of power athletes have shown, that there are still problems to realize the nutritional recommendations. The purpose of the present study was to analyse the energy- and nutrient intake of 11 young weight lifters aged 14 to 17 years before and after an intensive nutritional counselling (NC). Dietary status was evaluated by 7-day-protocols filled out by the young athletes 4 weeks before and 4 weeks after the NC. Before the NC the athletes (x: age 15, height 174 cm, weight 69.5 kg, BMI 22.2 kg/m2) had a mean energy intake of 179.7 kJ/kg body weight (11.2 MJ/day). The energy percentage of carbohydrate:fat:protein was 48:37:15. The protein consumption was 1.6 g/kg of body weight and the fluid intake was 1.7 l/day. The athletes did not meet the recommendation for niacin, folic acid, vitamin E, magnesium, calcium, iodine and zinc. After the NC the athletes had a significant higher energy percentage of carbohydrate and lower energy percentage of fat. In addition a significantly higher intake of fluid, dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals was observed. This study revealed that the young weight lifters without NC fall short of nutritional recommendations. With the intensive nutritional counselling an improvement of the nutrient intake could be reached. Additional nutritional counselling for the athletes and an intensive teamwork with the coach and parents of the athletes seem necessary to develop and stabilize a good nutritional behavior.
均衡饮食是身体机能发展和维持的重要组成部分。多项关于力量型运动员饮食状况的研究表明，在实现营养建议方面仍存在问题。本研究的目的是分析11名年龄在14至17岁的年轻举重运动员在接受强化营养咨询（NC）前后的能量和营养摄入情况。通过年轻运动员在NC前4周和后4周填写的7天饮食记录来评估饮食状况。在NC之前，运动员（平均年龄15岁，身高174厘米，体重69.5千克，BMI为22.2千克/平方米）的平均能量摄入量为179.7千焦/千克体重（11.2兆焦/天）。碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质的能量占比为48:37:15。蛋白质摄入量为1.6克/千克体重，液体摄入量为1.7升/天。运动员未达到烟酸、叶酸、维生素E、镁、钙、碘和锌的推荐摄入量。NC之后，运动员碳水化合物的能量占比显著提高，脂肪的能量占比降低。此外，还观察到液体、膳食纤维、维生素和矿物质的摄入量显著增加。本研究表明，未经NC的年轻举重运动员未达到营养建议标准。通过强化营养咨询，可以实现营养摄入的改善。对运动员进行额外的营养咨询，以及与运动员的教练和家长进行密切合作，对于培养和稳定良好的营养行为似乎是必要的。
