Quayle J M, Standen N B
Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, United Kingdom.
Cardiovasc Res. 1994 Jun;28(6):797-804. doi: 10.1093/cvr/28.6.797.
ATP sensitive potassium channels (KATP channels) appear widely distributed in the vascular system. At the single channel level, channels with both small and large conductance have been described, though the former appear to be activated by potassium channel openers or ATP depletion in whole cell studies. KATP channels are inhibited by cytoplasmic ATP, and may be activated by intracellular nucleotide diphosphates. Regulation by intracellular metabolites confers a degree of sensitivity of the channel to the metabolic status of the cell, and there is evidence that KATP currents are activated during metabolic inhibition. In general, activation of KATP channels will lead to membrane hyperpolarisation and so to vasorelaxation. The functional role of the channel is being intensively studied at present. The channel may form a target for a number of endogenous vasodilators, and may be inhibited by some vasoconstrictors. It may be involved in the vasodilator response to hypoxia, and may contribute to the resting membrane potential of smooth muscle in some blood vessels.
ATP敏感性钾通道（KATP通道）广泛分布于血管系统。在单通道水平上，已描述了具有小电导和大电导的通道，尽管在全细胞研究中，前者似乎可被钾通道开放剂或ATP耗竭激活。KATP通道受细胞质ATP抑制，并可能被细胞内核苷二磷酸激活。细胞内代谢物的调节赋予了通道对细胞代谢状态的一定程度的敏感性，并且有证据表明在代谢抑制期间KATP电流被激活。一般来说，KATP通道的激活会导致膜超极化，从而引起血管舒张。目前正在深入研究该通道的功能作用。该通道可能成为多种内源性血管舒张剂的作用靶点，并且可能被一些血管收缩剂抑制。它可能参与对缺氧的血管舒张反应，并且可能有助于某些血管中平滑肌的静息膜电位。
