Early diagnosis of septic arthritis of the hip in neonates.

Fourteen neonates with septic arthritis of the hip, which had been diagnosed late, were reviewed with the aim of establishing the difficulties of making an early diagnosis. The history, physical signs, blood tests and examination of the synovial fluid are the most important guidelines. Radiography was not helpful as less than 50% of cases show early signs, most often a joint effusion. Early diagnosis and surgical drainage are necessary to avoid permanent damage to the cartilaginous femoral head.