Hamilton-Miller J M
Department of Medical Microbiology, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1994 May;33 Suppl A:63-73. doi: 10.1093/jac/33.suppl_a.63.
The urethral syndrome and its management are reviewed. Urethral syndrome is defined as 'symptoms suggestive of a lower tract urinary infection but in the absence of significant bacteriuria with a conventional pathogen' with three provisos concerning symptomatology and the definition of significant bacteriuria and conventional pathogens. The urethral syndrome is a very common condition; about half the patients visiting their General Practitioner by reason of frequency and/or dysuria do not have significant bacteriuria. Both infective causes (such as lactobacilli and sexually-transmitted pathogens) and non-infective causes (such as trauma, allergies, anatomical features and co-existing medical conditions) have been suggested as causes and are discussed. Treatment options include antibiotics in the case of acute urethral syndrome, since it is not possible to distinguish between urinary infection and the urethral syndrome in the consulting room. For those with chronic urethral syndrome, treatment depends upon whether attacks are associated with bacteriuria or if urological investigations reveal any abnormalities.
本文对尿道综合征及其治疗方法进行了综述。尿道综合征的定义为“有下尿路尿路感染的症状，但不存在由传统病原体引起的显著菌尿”，同时对症状学以及显著菌尿和传统病原体的定义有三个附加条件。尿道综合征是一种非常常见的病症；因尿频和/或排尿困难而去看全科医生的患者中，约有一半没有显著菌尿。感染性病因（如乳酸杆菌和性传播病原体）和非感染性病因（如创伤、过敏、解剖特征和并存的疾病状况）都被认为是病因，并在文中进行了讨论。对于急性尿道综合征，治疗选择包括使用抗生素，因为在诊室无法区分尿路感染和尿道综合征。对于慢性尿道综合征患者，治疗取决于发作是否与菌尿相关，或者泌尿外科检查是否发现任何异常。
