Fielding J, Weaver S M
Multi-Agency Training Services, Education Centre, De la Pole Hospital, Hull, England.
J Adv Nurs. 1994 Jun;19(6):1196-204. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01204.x.
This study compares hospital- (n = 67) and community-based (n = 55) mental health nurses in relation to their perceptions of the work environment and also their psychological health. Measures include: the General Health Questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Work Environment Scale. The data, obtained from self-returned questionnaires, show that community nurses rated their work environments higher for the dimensions of Involvement, Supervisor Support, Autonomy, Innovation and Work Pressure. Hospital nurses saw their environments as being higher in (managerial) Control. There were no differences between the groups for the dimensions of Peer Cohesion, Task Orientation, Clarity or (physical) Comfort. Furthermore, there were no overall differences between the two groups in relation to psychological health, although the pattern of factors associated with emotional well-being differed. Finally, analyses of the community data revealed that those nurses with 'flexitime' arrangements evaluated their work environments less positively and showed higher levels of psychological strain than did those working 'fixed-time' schedules. The findings suggest that the hospital and community environments make different demands on nursing staff, and that this should be considered when organizing nursing services if stress is to be avoided.
本研究比较了医院护士（n = 67）和社区护士（n = 55）对工作环境的认知以及他们的心理健康状况。测量工具包括：一般健康问卷、马氏职业倦怠量表和工作环境量表。通过自行返回问卷获得的数据显示，社区护士在参与度、上级支持、自主性、创新性和工作压力等维度上对其工作环境的评价更高。医院护士则认为其工作环境在（管理）控制方面得分更高。在同事凝聚力、任务导向、清晰度或（身体）舒适度等维度上，两组之间没有差异。此外，尽管与情绪健康相关的因素模式有所不同，但两组在心理健康方面没有总体差异。最后，对社区数据的分析表明，与实行“固定工作时间”排班的护士相比，那些实行“弹性工作时间”安排的护士对其工作环境的评价较低，且表现出更高程度的心理压力。研究结果表明，医院和社区环境对护理人员有不同的要求，若要避免压力，在组织护理服务时应考虑到这一点。
