Brasch J, Zaldua M
Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Germany.
Mycoses. 1994 Jan-Feb;37(1-2):11-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1994.tb00278.x.
Exoenzymes produced by common dermatophytes, in addition to their ability to cause cutaneous inflammation, are thought to contribute to fungal spread. To investigate the patterns of enzymes released by common dermatophytes as well as Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, the fungi were grown in liquid media containing either hair, stratum corneum, neopeptone or lipids, or in RPMI medium. Enzymes recovered from the culture supernatants were compared using the Api-zyme test. As a result, the widest range of enzymes was seen in protein-containing media, with a maximum of 13 enzymes stimulated by growth on hair. Dermatophytes in all protein media produced high levels of alkaline phosphatase, esterases and leucine arylamidase. In these media the highest total enzymatic activity was released by Microsporum canis, whereas the lowest was released by Epidermophyton floccosum. Although RPMI broth stimulated luxuriant growth of all species, recovery was limited to a maximum of six enzymes. In lipid medium E. floccosum and M. canis failed to grow. When comparing the various nutrients, Scopulariopsis released fewer enzymes than the dermatophytes and only minor quantities of alkaline phosphatase. We conclude that alkaline phosphatase, esterases and leucine arylamidase may be important for the parasitic growth of dermatophytes. The total enzymatic activity of dermatophytes appears to be correlated with the intensity of cutaneous inflammation. Furthermore, enzyme measurements may be helpful for species identification.
常见皮肤癣菌产生的胞外酶，除了具有引起皮肤炎症的能力外，还被认为有助于真菌传播。为了研究常见皮肤癣菌以及短帚霉释放酶的模式，将这些真菌在含有毛发、角质层、新胨或脂质的液体培养基中培养，或在RPMI培养基中培养。使用Api-zyme试验比较从培养上清液中回收的酶。结果，在含蛋白质的培养基中观察到最广泛的酶种类，在毛发上生长时最多可刺激13种酶。所有含蛋白质培养基中的皮肤癣菌都产生高水平的碱性磷酸酶、酯酶和亮氨酸芳基酰胺酶。在这些培养基中，犬小孢子菌释放的总酶活性最高，而絮状表皮癣菌释放的最低。尽管RPMI肉汤刺激了所有菌种的旺盛生长，但回收的酶最多限于六种。在脂质培养基中，絮状表皮癣菌和犬小孢子菌无法生长。比较各种营养物质时，短帚霉释放的酶比皮肤癣菌少，仅产生少量碱性磷酸酶。我们得出结论，碱性磷酸酶、酯酶和亮氨酸芳基酰胺酶可能对皮肤癣菌的寄生生长很重要。皮肤癣菌的总酶活性似乎与皮肤炎症的强度相关。此外，酶的检测可能有助于菌种鉴定。
