Estrogen and progesterone in breast and gynecologic cancers. Etiology, therapeutic role, and hormone replacement.

Cancers of the endometrium, ovary, and breast share common risk factors, including obesity, high fat diet, and late menopause as well as an increased risk with a family and personal history of any of these cancers. Despite an extensive literature investigating the role of estrogen and progesterone in these malignancies, the exact etiologic capacity of these hormones is not yet determined. Until current studies mature, assessment of the possible risks and known benefits is the only platform on which to base treatment decisions for the individual patient.