Wilson-Brewer R, Spivak H
Education Development Center, Inc, Newton, MA 02158-1060.
Pediatrics. 1994 Oct;94(4 Pt 2):623-30.
Attention to the problem of youth violence has resulted in a proliferation of violence prevention and intervention strategies. Examined in this paper are those strategies that can be categorized as educational, environmental/technological, and recreational. In the educational category are conflict resolution and mediation, crime prevention and law-related education, handgun violence education, life skills training, self-esteem development, public education, and media education. The environmental/technological category covers a range of strategies: metal detectors, school police, concrete barriers, dress codes, and safe corridor programs, among others. The rather broad recreational category is based upon the importance of physical activity as an outlet for stress and anger and as a component of a multicomponent program. Multi-intervention programs are described as well as some of the major gaps in current violence prevention programming. The suggested role of the pediatrician in violence prevention efforts is described as both initiator and collaborator, as counselor, and as advocate. Because of their great credibility with respect to issues related to children and youth, pediatricians can influence not only parents in their contacts with them in the health care setting, but also school administrators and community leaders. Pediatricians have access to the media, and they can speak to the issue in public forums as well. Furthermore, pediatricians can join existing community efforts to determine ways in which violence prevention and intervention strategies can be incorporated into agency activities.
对青少年暴力问题的关注导致了预防和干预暴力策略的激增。本文所审视的是那些可归类为教育、环境/技术和娱乐的策略。教育类策略包括冲突解决与调解、预防犯罪及与法律相关的教育、手枪暴力教育、生活技能培训、自尊培养、公众教育和媒体教育。环境/技术类涵盖一系列策略：金属探测器、校园警察、混凝土障碍物、着装规范以及安全走廊计划等。相当宽泛的娱乐类策略基于体育活动作为压力和愤怒发泄途径以及多成分项目组成部分的重要性。文中描述了多干预项目以及当前暴力预防规划中的一些主要差距。儿科医生在暴力预防工作中被建议扮演发起者和协作者、顾问以及倡导者的角色。由于儿科医生在与儿童和青少年相关问题上具有很高的可信度，他们不仅可以在医疗环境中与家长接触时影响家长，还能影响学校管理人员和社区领袖。儿科医生能够接触媒体，也可以在公共论坛上谈论这一问题。此外，儿科医生可以参与现有的社区工作，以确定如何将暴力预防和干预策略纳入机构活动。
