Allodi F A
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1994 Jun;17(2):279-88.
Torture and the taking of hostages for ransom or for political gain have existed since recorded history. Both can produce archetype post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Many symptoms, as in the case of those brought on by the Holocaust, can last a lifetime. Torture, although universally condemned, still is used regularly in more than 60 countries, and the stream of refugees to safe havens seems endless. Treatment is effective, specific, and essential but requires extraordinary sensitivity, experience, and patience on the part of therapists. Hostage-taking generates its own unique dynamics on the victims, which again requires experience, understanding, and very specialized knowledge by therapists if they are to provide successful help to these profoundly damaged individuals. PTSD brought on by both torture and hostage taking has been studied extensively in recent years and its similarities and differences from "typical" PTSD are detailed.
自历史有记载以来，就存在着酷刑以及为索取赎金或出于政治目的劫持人质的现象。这两者都可能引发典型的创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状。许多症状，就像大屠杀所带来的那些症状一样，可能会持续一生。酷刑尽管受到普遍谴责，但仍在60多个国家经常被使用，而且逃往安全避难所的难民潮似乎源源不断。治疗是有效、有针对性且必不可少的，但这需要治疗师具备非凡的敏感度、经验和耐心。劫持人质对受害者产生了其独特的影响，同样，如果治疗师要成功帮助这些受到严重伤害的个体，就需要经验、理解和非常专业的知识。近年来，由酷刑和劫持人质引发的创伤后应激障碍得到了广泛研究，并且详细阐述了它与“典型”创伤后应激障碍的异同。
