Klasing K C
Department of Avian Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616.
Poult Sci. 1994 Jul;73(7):1035-43. doi: 10.3382/ps.0731035.
Leukocytic cytokines are produced by cells of the immune system and are prominent regulators of the immune response and in some cases various systemic responses. Leukocytic cytokines are released during immune responses and may act in autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine manners. Although over a dozen avian leukocytic cytokines have been described based on functional activities, characterization at the molecular level is not well developed. Two exceptions are 1) myelomonocytic growth factor, a colony-stimulating factor-like cytokine required for the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells, particularly myelomonocytic cells; and 2) the avian transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of cytokines, which modulate wound healing, bone metabolism, and cellular differentiation. Cytokines with bioactivities similar to mammalian interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, and interferon-gamma have been at least partially purified. Cytokines with bioactivities similar to mammalian IL-8, colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha have been reported but are not well characterized at the molecular level. With a few exceptions, including TGF-beta and thymulin, highly purified leukocytic cytokines of mammalian origin have diminished or no specific activity in avian assay systems. The chicken IL-1 receptor has been cloned and the predicted amino acid sequence shares 60% homology with the human IL-1 receptor. A component of the chicken IL-2 receptor has been partially purified but little is known about other avian leukocytic cytokine receptors. Potential applications of leukocytic cytokines in poultry production originate from their regulation of a variety of functions such as disease resistance, would healing, bone accretion, nutrient partitioning, appetite, growth, and reproduction.
白细胞细胞因子由免疫系统的细胞产生，是免疫反应以及某些情况下各种全身反应的重要调节因子。白细胞细胞因子在免疫反应期间释放，可能以自分泌、旁分泌或内分泌方式发挥作用。尽管已根据功能活性描述了十几种禽类白细胞细胞因子，但在分子水平上的表征尚未充分发展。两个例外是：1）骨髓单核细胞生长因子，一种集落刺激因子样细胞因子，是造血前体细胞尤其是骨髓单核细胞生长和分化所必需的；2）禽类转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）细胞因子家族，其调节伤口愈合、骨代谢和细胞分化。具有与哺乳动物白细胞介素（IL）-1、IL-2、IL-6和干扰素-γ相似生物活性的细胞因子已至少部分纯化。已报道具有与哺乳动物IL-8、集落刺激因子和肿瘤坏死因子-α相似生物活性的细胞因子，但在分子水平上表征不佳。除了少数例外，包括TGF-β和胸腺素，源自哺乳动物的高度纯化的白细胞细胞因子在禽类检测系统中的活性减弱或无特异性活性。鸡IL-1受体已被克隆，预测的氨基酸序列与人类IL-1受体有60%的同源性。鸡IL-2受体的一个组分已被部分纯化，但对其他禽类白细胞细胞因子受体了解甚少。白细胞细胞因子在禽类生产中的潜在应用源于它们对多种功能的调节，如抗病性、伤口愈合、骨生长、营养分配、食欲、生长和繁殖。
