Ganikos M L, McNeil C, Braslow J B, Arkin E B, Klaus D, Oberley E E, White M F
Division of Organ Transplantation, BHRD, HRSA, Rockville, MD 20857.
Public Health Rep. 1994 Sep-Oct;109(5):626-31.
The chasm between the supply and demand of donated organs and tissues continues to grow despite widespread public awareness of transplantation and numerous efforts to educate the public about organ donation. It is fast becoming a significant public health problem in this country. The need for more effective public education is well documented in the literature on transplantation and is a primary objective of organizations in the transplant field. In response to this need, the Division of Organ Transplantation in the Health Resources and Services Administration of the Public Health Service initiated a project to examine the nature and scope of donation education initiatives throughout the country, to identify shortcomings, and to suggest ways the Federal Government could contribute to the effectiveness of public education in organ and tissue donation. The project resulted in the development of a protocol that also is applicable to other health education programs. Its major steps consisted of assessing the status of donation-related public education in the United States, identifying existing needs in donation education by applying principles learned from other public health education programs, and identifying roles that could be assumed to help strengthen the American public's commitment to organ and tissue donation. These roles, which could be adopted by an transplant-related organization, were as broker of knowledge, producer of educational strategies, energizer through communications research, and catalyst by bringing together other groups. This approach to needs assessment and planning may provide useful insights both for those concerned with transplants and for professionals conducting education campaigns related to other public health issues.
尽管公众对器官移植广泛知晓，且为向公众普及器官捐赠知识付出诸多努力，但捐赠器官和组织的供需差距仍在不断扩大。在这个国家，这正迅速成为一个重大的公共卫生问题。文献中充分记载了开展更有效公众教育的必要性，这也是移植领域各组织的首要目标。为满足这一需求，公共卫生服务部卫生资源与服务管理局的器官移植司启动了一个项目，以审视全国捐赠教育举措的性质和范围，找出不足之处，并提出联邦政府可促进器官和组织捐赠公众教育成效的方式。该项目促成了一项也适用于其他健康教育项目的方案的制定。其主要步骤包括评估美国与捐赠相关的公众教育现状，运用从其他公共卫生教育项目中学到的原则确定捐赠教育方面现有的需求，以及确定可承担的有助于强化美国公众对器官和组织捐赠承诺的角色。这些角色可由一个与移植相关的组织来担当，即知识经纪人、教育策略制定者、通过传播研究激发动力者以及召集其他团体的催化剂。这种需求评估和规划方法可能会为关注移植领域的人士以及开展与其他公共卫生问题相关教育活动的专业人员提供有益的见解。
