Forstner R, Hricak H
Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco.
Radiologe. 1994 Jul;34(7):397-404.
Congenital malformations of uterus and vagina result from failure of development, failure of fusion or septal reabsorption of the Mullerian ducts. They present with a spectrum of findings ranging from agenesis to duplications. They are of clinical importance because of their association with menstrual disorders and impaired fertility. Furthermore, women with Mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs) have a significant risk of obstetric complications such as spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and preterm delivery. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) and laparoscopy have long played a pivotal role in the evaluation of MDAs. Ultrasonography and recently magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have emerged as noninvasive modalities that are used complementarily or as alternative diagnostic tools. The radiographic findings according to the classification of Buttram and Gibbons are described for HSG, ultrasound and MRI. The advantages and limitations of each method are discussed, and finally an algorithm for imaging is recommended.
子宫和阴道的先天性畸形是由于苗勒管发育失败、融合失败或中隔重吸收失败所致。它们表现出从发育不全到重复畸形等一系列不同的表现。由于它们与月经紊乱和生育能力受损相关，因此具有临床重要性。此外，患有苗勒管异常（MDA）的女性有发生产科并发症的显著风险，如自然流产、死产和早产。子宫输卵管造影术（HSG）和腹腔镜检查长期以来在MDA的评估中发挥着关键作用。超声检查以及最近的磁共振成像（MRI）已成为非侵入性检查方式，可作为补充手段或替代诊断工具使用。根据Buttram和Gibbons的分类，描述了HSG、超声和MRI的影像学表现。讨论了每种方法的优缺点，最后推荐了一种成像算法。
