Cullmann W, Auckenthaler R, Bille J, Heinzer I, Piffaretti J C, Wüst J
F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharma Division, Basel.
Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 1994 Aug 30;83(35):980-6.
The susceptibility of 2196 fresh clinical isolates to twelve different oral compounds was assessed in five Swiss microbiology institutions during summer 1992. A standardized microdilution system including all other material necessary was employed to assess the antibacterial activity of penicillin G, ampicillin, ampicillin + sulbactam, amoxycillin + clavulanic acid, cefadroxil, cephalexin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefetamet, doxycycline, erythromycin and clindamycin. The aminopenicillins (including the beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations) were highly active against the streptococci, in combination with a beta-lactamase inhibitor they covered the majority of the bla+ E. coli and Proteus mirabilis and between 60 to 80% of the Klebsiella spp. and Proteus vulgaris isolates. All the cephalosporins exhibited good activity against the streptococci, they were active against Gram-negative fermentative rods to a varying degree. Cefetamet was also active against many cefaclor and cefuroxime-resistant isolates. A considerable part of the species studied exhibited resistance to doxycycline; the observed resistance of S. agalactia, P. mirabilis, and Morganella morganii agreed with previous findings. Most of the Streptococcus spp. were inhibited by erythromycin and clindamycin. There were only single penicillin resistant S. pneumoniae isolates in the five Swiss centers. Taking account of the above particulars the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in Switzerland can be considered satisfactory.
1992年夏季，在瑞士的五家微生物学机构中，对2196株新鲜临床分离菌株对十二种不同口服化合物的敏感性进行了评估。采用了包括所有其他必要材料的标准化微量稀释系统，以评估青霉素G、氨苄西林、氨苄西林+舒巴坦、阿莫西林+克拉维酸、头孢羟氨苄、头孢氨苄、头孢克洛、头孢呋辛、头孢他美、强力霉素、红霉素和克林霉素的抗菌活性。氨基青霉素（包括β-内酰胺酶抑制剂组合）对链球菌具有高度活性，与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂联合使用时，它们覆盖了大多数bla+大肠杆菌和奇异变形杆菌，以及60%至80%的克雷伯菌属和普通变形杆菌分离株。所有头孢菌素对链球菌均表现出良好的活性，它们对革兰氏阴性发酵杆菌的活性程度各不相同。头孢他美对许多对头孢克洛和头孢呋辛耐药的分离株也有活性。相当一部分所研究的菌种对强力霉素耐药；观察到的无乳链球菌、奇异变形杆菌和摩根氏摩根菌的耐药情况与先前的研究结果一致。大多数链球菌属被红霉素和克林霉素抑制。在瑞士的五个中心，仅发现了单株对青霉素耐药的肺炎链球菌分离株。考虑到上述情况，瑞士抗菌药物耐药性的流行病学情况可被认为是令人满意的。
